In 99% of all bedwetting cases, the root cause is an inherited deep-sleep disorder. The brain sleeps so deeply that it fails to respond to the signals from the bladder hence the bladder empties involuntarily. A small bladder capacity  a weak and insensitive sphincter muscle (The sphincter muscle is the muscle that holds the urine inside the bladder) may also contribute to the problem.

During the first two to three years of life, bedwetting at night is normal and expected. Enuresis can be related to toilet training that occurred too early or was too demanding on the child. Some parents maybe very critical putting too much pressure on the child.

At the age of 5 about 7% of boys and 3% of girls have bedwetting problems. The percentages decrease rapidly after that. Enuresis may also be hereditary.

Some children do not wake up when their bladder is full or produce more urine during sleep than others. Some children have a tendency to produce more urine during their sleep than others and are unable to wakeup once their bladder becomes full.

In some children, their bladders do not hold as much urine as other children's do.

Physical causes are rare, but may include lower spinal cord lesions, congenital malformations of the genitourinary tract, infections of the urinary tract or diabetes.

 Sometimes bedwetting is associated with sleep problems such as sleepwalking and nightmares.

A psychologically stressful event in the childs life is often found to cause bedwetting.

 Food allergies, have been found by researchers to also be a cause for bedwetting in children.

As children grow older, they are usually able to stop wetting the bed at night. Children vary in the age at which they are physically ready to have complete control over their bladders.

Limiting the intake of fluid before bedtime helps in many cases. Especially avoiding drinks that have caffeine, such as colas, tea and coffee before the child is put to sleep may also helps to avoid bedwetting.

Using alarm clocks and waking the child up at fixed times during the night. Some parents find it helpful to wake the child once or twice at night to go to the bathroom. This is the simplest strategy and can be quite effective.

Moisture alarms - These alarms often can help the child learn to feel when the bladder is full and when wetting is just about to happen. Some of the alarms are triggered by a few drops of urine and wake the child.

Meditative exercise for relaxation and building your self-image before going to bed and before sleep are also helpful.

Hypnotherapy - Studies have shown that hypnotherapy helps some children to prevent bedwetting.

Explain bedwetting to your child - Reassure your child that bedwetting is not his or her fault and that it will go away in time. This builds confidence in the child enabling them to overcome their bedwetting.

Behavioral therapy combined with counseling could help the child to be more confident.

Medicines - A type of anti-depressant called imipramine has the effect of relaxing the bladder and tightening the sphincter (preventing the passing of urine). But a child restarts the habit once the drug is stopped. These types of drugs are rarely prescribed as they have  side effects. Once these drugs are stopped the child will restart his/her habit of bedwetting. Hence this is not a permanent solution.

There are other drugs available as 'puffs' but are expensive. However, they maybe used when the child is undertaking an outing.